Insurance and bank guarantee rules by profession in the UAE
Lawyers, auditors, brokers and health professionals must hold professional liability insurance under their own law. Agents and UAE brokers need AED 2,000,000 (AED 3,000,000 for a foreign broker branch). Exchange houses, recruitment offices and customs brokers give bank guarantees, not insurance.
Which federal rules require insurance or a guarantee?
The profession’s own law or regulator sets each condition. The trigger is a licence, a registration or a listing, not a company type. The “Type” column says whether the duty is insurance or a bank guarantee.
| Profession and trigger | Minimum | Type | Who holds it | Instrument and article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lawyer, on listing under the federal law | No amount stated. Left to controls of the Minister | Insurance, professional liability, from an insurer licensed in the State | The lawyer, unless the firm's policy covers the lawyer | Decree-Law 34 of 2022, Art 13(9) |
| Law firm, legal consultation firm or legal consultant, on licensing or registration | No amount stated. Left to a Minister's resolution | Insurance, professional liability, covering the whole licence term | The firm. Consultants submit a policy unless the firm's policy covers them | Cabinet Resolution 8 of 2025, Art 12(9), 37(6), 53(4) |
| Court expert or expert firm, on the Ministry of Justice list | No amount in the law. Ministerial Decision 211 of 2024 reportedly sets one (see the small print) | Insurance, professional liability | The expert, unless covered by the expert firm. Art 8 lets the Committee exempt some persons from certain conditions | Decree-Law 21 of 2022, Art 6(9), 7, 8 |
| Private notary, on licence and listing in the register | No amount in the law. Ministerial Decision 208 of 2024 reportedly sets one (see the small print) | Insurance, professional liability, from an insurer licensed in the State | The notary | Decree-Law 20 of 2022, Art 30(f) |
| Translator or translation house, on the Ministry translators list | No amount in the law. Ministerial Decision 215 of 2024 reportedly sets one (see the small print) | Insurance, against professional errors | The translator, who can rely on the house's policy | Decree-Law 22 of 2022, Art 5(1)(i), 6(1)(d) |
| Auditor, on the auditors register | First time AED 1,000,000 a year, or AED 500,000 for sole establishments. Then 100% of annual audit fees up to AED 20,000,000, and 120% above | Insurance, from an insurer licensed in the State, valid throughout registration | The auditor | Cabinet Resolution 48 of 2022, Art 16, with Ministerial Resolution 111 of 2022, Art 2 |
| Audit firm registered to audit public joint stock companies or mutual funds | No separate amount stated. Proof of the cover required for the Ministry's register of practising auditors | Insurance, professional indemnity | The audit firm | CMA Board Resolution 25/R of 2015, Art 3 First (5) |
| Insurance broker, on a CBUAE broker licence | AED 2,000,000, or AED 3,000,000 for a foreign broker's branch or financial free zone broker | Insurance, professional indemnity. The Central Bank is the beneficiary. Deductible caps apply | The broker | Insurance Brokers Regulation C 1/2024, Art 2.11 |
| Insurance agent | AED 2,000,000. Deductible no more than AED 100,000 | Insurance, professional liability | The agent, for liability to clients | Insurance Authority Board Resolution 8 of 2011, Art 11(1)(1) |
| Surveyor and loss adjuster | AED 1,000,000 | Insurance, against liability from practising the profession | The applicant | Insurance Authority Board Resolution 6 of 2010, Art 9(1)(2) |
| Actuary, on licensing and registration | AED 1,000,000. Deductible no more than AED 30,000 for each accident | Insurance, professional liability | The actuary | Insurance Authority Board Decision 9 of 2017, Art 11(5) |
| Insurance consultant, on licence application and renewal | AED 1.5 million for a natural person or sole proprietorship, AED 3 million for a corporate person. Deductible no more than AED 30,000 | Insurance, professional indemnity | The consultant | Board Decision 12 of 2018, Art 10 |
| Tax agent, on registering in the Register of Tax Agents | No amount. Commensurate with the nature and business volume of the tax agent | Insurance, professional liability | The tax agent, or covered under such a contract | Cabinet Resolution 74 of 2023, Art 12(1)(f), 12(2)(b) |
| Health practitioner, on practising a regulated health profession | No amount in Art 17 of the 2019 regulations | Insurance against civil liability for medical errors, from an insurer licensed in the State | The practitioner. Practice without it is barred | Decree-Law 4 of 2016, Art 25 |
| Health facility owner with practitioners | No amount stated | Insurance of the practitioners | The facility owner, who insures before the practitioner takes up the post, renews on expiry and pays all premiums | Decree-Law 4 of 2016, Art 26, and Cabinet Resolution 40 of 2019, Art 17 |
| Allied health professional other than a physician or pharmacist, such as a nurse or technician | No amount stated | Insurance, professional liability against professional errors, from an insurer licensed in the State | The applicant, unless the health facility where they work covers their liability | Cabinet Resolution 176 of 2025, Art 8(2)(a) |
| Private mediation centre or branch of a foreign mediation centre | No amount stated | Insurance, professional liability, covering the licence term, from an insurer licensed in the State | The text does not say | Cabinet Resolution 56 of 2025, Art 7(5) |
| Exchange house, on an exchange business licence | Sole establishment or partnership: AED 10 million (Category I), AED 5 million (Category II), AED 2 million (Category III). Limited liability company or similar: AED 50 million (Category I, II or III), AED 25 million (Category IV) | Bank guarantee in favour of the Central Bank, not insurance. An interest-free cash deposit can replace it where it is difficult to obtain a bank guarantee (Art 9.6) | The licence holder | Exchange Business Regulation C 7/2025, Art 9.1 to 9.3 |
| Domestic worker recruitment office | Not less than AED 500,000 | Bank guarantee, not insurance. It can pay amounts owed to the worker, the employer or the Ministry | The recruitment office, for the whole licence term | Cabinet Resolution 106 of 2022, Art 3(1)(b) |
| Trust service provider and qualified trust service provider (e-signature, e-certification) | Set by TDRA | Bank guarantee or insurance, as TDRA determines | The text does not say | TDRA Service Manual, 16 October 2025 |
Sources
The legal profession law1 and regulations,2 the experts,3 notary4 and translation5 laws, the auditor resolutions,678 the broker regulation,9 the agent,10 loss adjuster11 and actuary12 rules, the consultant decision,13 the FTA page,14 the medical liability law15 and regulations,16 the allied health regulations,17 the mediation centre resolution,18 the exchange business regulation,19 the domestic worker regulations20 and the TDRA manual.21
Ask the licensing authority which amount applies to your licence category before you buy a policy.
Which Dubai rules require insurance or a guarantee?
Dubai authorities set these duties for named licensed activities.
| Activity and trigger | Minimum | Type | Who holds it | Instrument and article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Customs broker, on a customs broker licence | AED 50,000 | Bank guarantee in favour of Dubai Customs, not insurance. It covers contingent liabilities the administration may sustain | The broker | Dubai Customs Policy DCP (17), Art 2(2) |
| Holiday home operator, on a licence | No amount stated. Fine of AED 2,000 for failing to maintain a valid policy throughout the licence term | Insurance, comprehensive, from an insurer licensed in the emirate, to cover damage guests may sustain | The licensee | Decree 41 of 2013, Art 8(3). Bylaw (Administrative Resolution 1 of 2020), Art 14(2). Executive Council Resolution 49 of 2014, Art 6 |
| Appointed General Agent for airlines, on a tourism licence | No amount stated | Insurance covering the risks of the tourism programmes, valid for the licence term and one month after expiry | The licensee | Regulation 6 of 2006, Schedule 2, I(5)(b) |
| Travel and tourism agent, for tours it organises wholly or services it adds | No amount stated | Insurance covering risks and damage from those services or tours | The agent. The text names clients as those affected | Regulation 6 of 2006, Schedule 2, II(d) |
| Railway system owner, contractor or operator | Not stated. Set by a Director General resolution | Insurance, comprehensive, from an insurer licensed in the emirate, submitted before construction or operations start | The owner, contractor or operator | Executive Council Resolution 53 of 2023, Art 7(b) as amended |
| Private school, on initial approval | Not stated. Set by the KHDA | Guarantee, form not stated, not insurance. It proves solvency and the ability to pay damages from negligence or violation of the resolution | The school | Executive Council Resolution 2 of 2017, Art 5(2) |
| DHA-licensed health professional | No amount stated | Malpractice insurance kept throughout practice, naming the professional, specialty, employing facility and cover | The professional. The facility owner provides it and pays | DHA licensing manual, para 5.9 |
| Medical and dental professionals at Dubai Healthcare City | At least AED 1,000,000 per claim and AED 3,000,000 annual aggregate | Malpractice insurance | The professional | DHCC Medical Malpractice Insurance Policy and Procedures |
| Other professionals at Dubai Healthcare City | At least AED 500,000 per claim and AED 1,000,000 annual aggregate | Malpractice insurance | The professional | DHCC Medical Malpractice Insurance Policy and Procedures |
| Virtual asset service provider, on a VARA licence | Adequate to size and complexity. No figure | Insurance: professional indemnity, directors and officers, commercial crime for hot wallet assets, and anything else VARA sets, from a regulated insurer | The provider, or another group entity if the policy names the provider as an insured | VARA Company Rulebook, Rule VI.D |
Sources
Check the licence conditions of the Dubai authority that licenses you.
Which Abu Dhabi rules require insurance or a guarantee?
Abu Dhabi’s real estate rules name companies and developers.
| Activity and trigger | Minimum | Type | Who holds it | Instrument and article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Real estate broker licensed as a company | No amount stated | Insurance against professional risks, accepted by the Department | The broker company. The conditions read for natural-person brokers have no insurance item | Administrative Decision 251 of 2015, Art 5 |
| Real estate appraiser or surveyor licensed as a company | No amount stated | Insurance against professional risks, accepted by the Department | The appraiser or surveyor company | Administrative Decision 251 of 2015, Art 4 |
| Joint property management company | Sum sufficient to cover repair or reconstruction of the common parts | Insurance of the common parts and joint property, plus insurance against damage and bodily injury to owners, occupants and third parties present in the joint property | The management company | Administrative Decision 25 of 2025, Art 37(1), 37(2) |
| Real estate developer of an off-plan project | Not less than 5% of the overall value of the project | Retention held as a performance bond, not insurance. It repairs defects that appear after completion | The account trustee holds it | Law 3 of 2015, Art 24(1), 24(3) |
Sources
Ask the Department which insurer and policy wording it accepts.
What do the financial centres and ADGM require?
Firms in the financial centres answer to their regulator.
| Who | What the text says | Minimum |
|---|---|---|
| DFSA Authorised Firms in Category 3B whose only Financial Services are Operating, or Acting as the Administrator of, an Employee Money Purchase Scheme, and in Category 4 other than Money Services Providers | Insurance cover appropriate to the business, including legal defence costs, a copy to the DFSA at least annually, notice of material changes | US$1 million, or US$800,000 where the only activities are Insurance Intermediation or Insurance Management |
| ADGM Domestic Firms in Category 3B, 3C or 4. Application Table A, which is guidance, excludes Institutional Fund Managers and Institutional Fund Asset Managers | Insurance cover meeting minimum standards, with an annual statement | No sum stated in PRU 6.12. The minimum standards are terms on the insurer and the policy |
| ADGM Third Party Providers | Minimum indemnity cover | US$150,000 |
| ADGM company service providers | Licence condition, insurance | US$1,000,000 per claim, US$1,500,000 aggregate |
| ADGM tax service providers | Licence condition, insurance | US$1,000,000 per claim |
| ADGM real property professionals: association managers, brokers, surveyors, engineering auditors, valuers, property managers and property inspectors | Subsisting professional indemnity insurance covering all types of civil liability arising from the licensed service. The Registrar may set a minimum and may waive criteria (s 4(2)) | No amount stated |
| Applicant auditors working in DIFC | Show adequate indemnity cover for DIFC work | No amount stated |
Sources
Ask the financial centre regulator which rulebook module applies to your licence category.
What has changed?
Two rules that appear in older guides are reported to have changed.
- Dubai tourism bank guarantee. Regulation 6 of 2006, Art 5(9), set a bank guarantee of AED 200,000 per activity in favour of the tourism department.26 The National reported on 8 January 2019 that Dubai waived tourism bank guarantees for more than 2,000 companies.40 The instrument that made the waiver is not found. Ask the Department of Economy and Tourism whether a guarantee applies to your licence.
- Abu Dhabi owners’ association insurance. Law 3 of 2015, Art 70, put an insurance duty on owners’ associations. Law 2 of 2025, Art 3, repeals Art 70.33 The duty now sits on joint property management companies under Decision 25 of 2025, Art 37, in the Abu Dhabi table above.
What if your profession is not listed?
For these Dubai professions the text read states no insurance duty, or the claim comes from one source.
| Profession | Position |
|---|---|
| Real estate brokers, Dubai | One broker page states an AED 1 million requirement. A market page of 18 September 2026 says a Dubai professional licence carries no general requirement. Ask DLD. |
| Engineers and engineering consultants | Dubai Law 14 of 2025 contains no form of the Arabic word for insurance. It keeps earlier decisions and circulars in place until replaced. One firm's page of 10 October 2026 lists professional indemnity among the law's pillars, which does not match the text. |
| Security firms, Dubai | Dubai Law 12 of 2016 has no insurance term. Ask SIRA. |
Engineers still carry civil liability. Art 822 of the Civil Transactions Law makes a design engineer liable for design defects and a supervising engineer jointly liable for execution defects. Art 823 voids clauses exempting or limiting that liability.43 A contract can ask for indemnity cover where no regulator does. See insurance terms in published contracts.
Ask your insurer whether your policy meets the licensing condition in words, not only in amount.
Evidence table
| Activity | Position |
|---|---|
| Dubai real estate valuers | Executive Council Resolution 37 of 2015 and Administrative Resolution 67 of 2020 do not mention insurance. |
| Dubai car rental and passenger transport by vehicle | Executive Council Resolution 47 of 2017 and its 2022 amendment do not mention insurance. Vehicle insurance rules still apply. |
| Dubai cycle and e-scooter rental | Executive Council Resolution 13 of 2022 and Administrative Resolution 654 of 2022 do not mention insurance. |
| Dubai car parks and valet parking | Administrative Resolution 381 of 2017 and Executive Council Resolution 46 of 2025 do not mention insurance. |
| Dubai health professionals, emirate-level law | Executive Council Resolution 49 of 2024 does not mention insurance. The federal and DHA rules above still apply. |
| Veterinarians, federal | Ministerial Resolution 62 of 2025 on veterinary licensing does not mention insurance. |
| Abu Dhabi customs brokers | The 2025 unified customs guide describes guarantees that cover duties on goods. It does not state a broker licence guarantee. |
The small print
Reported minimums for experts, notaries and translators. The 2022 laws state no limit and leave controls to the Minister. Norton Rose Fulbright reports these minimums from three Ministerial Decisions issued on 15 May 2024. The Decisions themselves are not quoted here.55
| Decision | Who | Reported minimum |
|---|---|---|
| 208 of 2024 | Private notaries | AED 1 million |
| 211 of 2024 | Experts in onshore court proceedings | AED 1 million individuals, AED 5 million local expertise houses, AED 6 million international expertise houses |
| 215 of 2024 | Translators and translation houses | AED 1 million individuals, AED 5 million houses |
The same summary says the policy is issued by a local UAE insurer, runs for at least three years, is not conditional or revocable during registration, and obliges the insurer to pay the beneficiary within thirty days of a claim for adjudged compensation.
Wording differences. Cabinet Resolution 10 of 2025, Art 8(3), adds a similar condition for professional companies, worded “personal liability insurance contract” where the other texts say professional liability.56 Art 2(9) of Ministerial Resolution 111 of 2022 refuses auditor renewal if limits are short. The text comes from a Ministry of Economy and Tourism knowledge page, not the gazetted resolution.7
Health cover. One law firm says a standard professional indemnity policy excludes bodily injury and does not satisfy a healthcare licence.57 A DHA professional who cannot prove cover may face disciplinary action, and the policy and employment contract are kept available for audit.29 The Dubai Healthcare City policy is undated, and its current status is not confirmed.30 The medical liability law has one amendment on the portal.15
VARA. Rule VI.D.3 lets a provider hold cover in the name of another group entity, if the policy names the provider as an insured and states the level of cover that applies to it. Rule VI.D.4 lets VARA use discretion at licensing where the requirements cannot be met, on condition that the risks are protected by other means set in the licence.31 No other text on this page sets a directors and officers duty.
DFSA and ADGM texts. The DFSA file states that the consolidated text has no legal effect and that authentic instruments sit on the DFSA site. One law firm places the DFSA duty in the Conduct of Business module. The consolidated text has it at PIB 6.12.34 The ADGM real property regulations were published on 1 October 2024, and an Amendment No. 1 of 2025 exists.38
Guarantee terms. The Dubai Customs guarantee is refunded only one calendar year after non-renewal or after the broker leaves the profession.22 A recruitment office pays a fine of AED 10,000 per case if it does not replenish its guarantee within a month.20 The KHDA announced on 22 May 2026 partial or full exemptions from guarantee insurance requirements for cancelled contracts. The announcement does not make clear which schools or guarantees it covers.58 The TDRA trust services row comes from an authority service guide, not legislation.21
Dubai tourism regulation. The dlp.dubai.gov.ae text may not show later amendments.26
Abu Dhabi company licences. The licence conditions for owners’ association managers sit in the same Art 4 as appraisers and surveyors. Law 2 of 2025 replaced “Owners’ Association” with “Owners’ Committee”, so that licence may have changed.33
Holiday homes. The decree refers to conditions adopted by the tourism department for the policy. Those conditions are not quoted here.23
Abu Dhabi. The developer retention rule is Art 24 of Law 3 of 2015. Law 2 of 2025 replaces and repeals other articles and does not list Art 24.33 Law 2 of 2025 replaced “Owners’ Association” with “Owners’ Committee”.
Federal insurance register. The CBUAE register of October 2023 lists 17 entries typed insurance agent, 96 typed surveyor or loss adjuster and 56 typed actuarial.59 Federal Decree-Law 6 of 2025 may affect the transitional status of the Insurance Authority resolutions. The CBUAE rulebook still marks them in force.
Foreign insurers. Several texts above name an insurer licensed in the State. Art 82 of Decree-Law 6 of 2025 separately bars buying cover for liabilities arising in the State from a foreign insurer outside it or in a financial free zone, subject to exceptions.60
Sources
60
1UAE Federal Government, Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2022 Regulating the Legal Profession and Legal Consultation Profession. Art 13(9). Effective 2 Jan 2023. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2022 Regulating the Legal Profession and Legal Consultation Profession
2UAE Federal Government, Cabinet Resolution No. 8 of 2025, Executive Regulations of Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2022. Art 12(9), Art 37(6), Art 53(4). Effective 15 Mar 2025. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Cabinet Resolution No. 8 of 2025, Executive Regulations of Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2022
3UAE Federal Government, Federal Decree by Law No. 21 of 2022 Regulating the Profession of Experts before Judicial Authorities. Art 6(9), Art 7, Art 8. Effective 2 Jan 2023. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Federal Decree by Law No. 21 of 2022 Regulating the Profession of Experts before Judicial Authorities
4UAE Federal Government, Federal Decree by Law No. 20 of 2022 Regarding the Regulation of the Notary Profession. Art 30. Effective 28 Dec 2022. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Federal Decree by Law No. 20 of 2022 Regarding the Regulation of the Notary Profession
5UAE Federal Government, Federal Decree-Law No. 22 of 2022 Regulating the Translation Profession. Art 5, Art 6. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Federal Decree-Law No. 22 of 2022 Regulating the Translation Profession
6UAE Federal Government, Cabinet Resolution No. 48 of 2022, Implementing Regulation of the Auditing Profession law. Art 16. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Cabinet Resolution No. 48 of 2022, Implementing Regulation of the Auditing Profession law
7Ministry of Economy and Tourism, Ministerial Resolution No. 111 of 2022 on Conditions of Insurance Against Professional Errors. Art 2. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Ministerial Resolution No. 111 of 2022 on Conditions of Insurance Against Professional Errors
8Capital Market Authority (formerly SCA), Board of Directors' Resolution No. (25/R) of 2015 Concerning the Registration of Auditors of Public Shareholding Companies and Mutual Funds. Art 3, First (5). Effective 1 Sept 2015. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Board of Directors' Resolution No. (25/R) of 2015 Concerning the Registration of Auditors of Public Shareholding Companies and Mutual Funds
9Central Bank of the UAE, Insurance Brokers Regulation, C 1/2024. Art 2.11. Effective 15 Feb 2025. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Insurance Brokers Regulation, C 1/2024
10CBUAE Rulebook, Insurance Authority Board Resolution No. 08 of 2011 Instructions Concerning the Regulation of Insurance Agents Business. Art 11(1)(1). Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Insurance Authority Board Resolution No. 08 of 2011 Instructions Concerning the Regulation of Insurance Agents Business
11CBUAE Rulebook, Insurance Authority Board of Directors Resolution No. 6 of 2010 Concerning Surveyors and Loss Adjusters' Regulations. Art 9(1)(2). Effective 31 Jan 2011. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Insurance Authority Board of Directors Resolution No. 6 of 2010 Concerning Surveyors and Loss Adjusters' Regulations
12CBUAE Rulebook, Insurance Authority Board of Directors Decision No. (9) of 2017 Concerning the Regulations on Licensing and Registration of Actuaries. Art 11(1) to 11(5). Effective 28 Apr 2017. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Insurance Authority Board of Directors Decision No. (9) of 2017 Concerning the Regulations on Licensing and Registration of Actuaries
13CBUAE Rulebook, Insurance Authority Board Decision No. 12 of 2018 on Insurance Consultants. Art 8 to Art 10. Effective 20 May 2018. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Insurance Authority Board Decision No. 12 of 2018 on Insurance Consultants
14Federal Tax Authority, How to become a Tax Agent, Page updated 9 September 2025. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: How to become a Tax Agent
15UAE Federal Government, Federal Decree-Law No. 4 of 2016 Concerning Medical Liability. Art 25, Art 26. Effective 15 Aug 2016. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Federal Decree-Law No. 4 of 2016 Concerning Medical Liability
16UAE Federal Government, Cabinet Resolution No. 40 of 2019, Executive Regulations of the medical liability law. Art 17. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Cabinet Resolution No. 40 of 2019, Executive Regulations of the medical liability law
17UAE Federal Government, Cabinet Resolution No. (176) of 2025 Regarding the Executive Regulations of the Federal Law on the Practice of Some Medical Professions by Persons Other Than Physicians and Pharmacists. Art 8(2)(a). Effective 29 Nov 2025. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Cabinet Resolution No. (176) of 2025 Regarding the Executive Regulations of the Federal Law on the Practice of Some Medical Professions by Persons Other Than Physicians and Pharmacists
18UAE Federal Government, Cabinet Resolution No. (56) of 2025 Regarding Private Mediation Centers and Branches of Foreign Mediation Centers. Art 7(5). Effective 15 May 2025. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Cabinet Resolution No. (56) of 2025 Regarding Private Mediation Centers and Branches of Foreign Mediation Centers
19CBUAE Rulebook, Exchange Business Regulation, C 7/2025. Art 9.1 to 9.6. Effective 26 Jun 2025. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Exchange Business Regulation, C 7/2025
20UAE Federal Government, Cabinet Resolution No. (106) of 2022 Concerning the Executive Regulations of the Domestic Workers law. Art 3(1)(b); fines table item 10. Effective 30 Nov 2022. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Cabinet Resolution No. (106) of 2022 Concerning the Executive Regulations of the Domestic Workers law
21Telecommunications and Digital Government Regulatory Authority, TDRA Service Manual (EN), 16 October 2025. Trust Services Licence, required documents. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: TDRA Service Manual (EN), 16 October 2025
22Dubai Customs, Customs Broker Policy, DCP (17). Art 2(2). Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Customs Broker Policy, DCP (17)
23Supreme Legislation Committee, Dubai Legal Portal, Decree No. (41) of 2013 Regulating the Activity of Leasing out Holiday Homes in the Emirate of Dubai. Art 8(3). Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Decree No. (41) of 2013 Regulating the Activity of Leasing out Holiday Homes in the Emirate of Dubai
24Supreme Legislation Committee, Dubai Legal Portal, Administrative Resolution No. (1) of 2020 Issuing the Implementing Bylaw of Decree No. (41) of 2013. Art 14(2). Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Administrative Resolution No. (1) of 2020 Issuing the Implementing Bylaw of Decree No. (41) of 2013
25Supreme Legislation Committee, Dubai Legal Portal, Executive Council Resolution No. (49) of 2014 Approving the Fees and Fines Related to the Activity of Leasing out Holiday Homes in the Emirate of Dubai. Art 6, fines table item 9. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Executive Council Resolution No. (49) of 2014 Approving the Fees and Fines Related to the Activity of Leasing out Holiday Homes in the Emirate of Dubai
26Supreme Legislation Committee, Dubai Legal Portal, Regulation No. (6) of 2006 Concerning the Licensing of Tourist Establishments and Travel Agencies. Schedule 2, I(5)(b) and II(d); Art 5(9). Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Regulation No. (6) of 2006 Concerning the Licensing of Tourist Establishments and Travel Agencies
27Supreme Legislation Committee, Dubai Legal Portal, Executive Council Resolution No. (53) of 2023 Amending Executive Council Resolution No. (1) of 2017 Regulating Railways in the Emirate of Dubai. Art 7(b) as amended. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Executive Council Resolution No. (53) of 2023 Amending Executive Council Resolution No. (1) of 2017 Regulating Railways in the Emirate of Dubai
28Supreme Legislation Committee, Dubai Legal Portal, Executive Council Resolution No. (2) of 2017 Regulating Private Schools in the Emirate of Dubai. Art 5(2). Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Executive Council Resolution No. (2) of 2017 Regulating Private Schools in the Emirate of Dubai
29Dubai Health Authority, Manual for Licensing Healthcare Professionals, Version 1.2. Para 5.9, 5.10. Effective 8 May 2025. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Manual for Licensing Healthcare Professionals, Version 1.2
30Dubai Healthcare City, Medical Malpractice Insurance Policy and Procedures. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Medical Malpractice Insurance Policy and Procedures
31Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority, VARA Company Rulebook. Rule VI.D. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: VARA Company Rulebook
32Abu Dhabi Real Estate Regulatory Authority, Law No. (3) of 2015 Concerning the Regulation of the Real Estate Sector in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Art 24(1), 24(3). Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Law No. (3) of 2015 Concerning the Regulation of the Real Estate Sector in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi
33Abu Dhabi Real Estate Regulatory Authority, Regulations (Administrative Decision No. 251/2015, Administrative Decision No. (25) of 2025, Law No. 2 of 2025). Decision 251/2015 Art 4 and Art 5; Decision 25/2025 Art 37(1) and 37(2); Law 2/2025 Art 3. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Regulations (Administrative Decision No. 251/2015, Administrative Decision No. (25) of 2025, Law No. 2 of 2025)
34Dubai Financial Services Authority, DFSA Rulebook, PIB Module, consolidated. PIB 6.12. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: DFSA Rulebook, PIB Module, consolidated
35ADGM FSRA, Prudential Rulebook (PRU), VER21.160926. PRU 6.12. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Prudential Rulebook (PRU), VER21.160926
36ADGM Registration Authority, Conditions of Licence, Company service providers, Condition 3. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Conditions of Licence, Company service providers, Condition 3
37ADGM Registration Authority, Conditions of Licence, Tax service providers, Condition 1. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Conditions of Licence, Tax service providers, Condition 1
38ADGM Registration Authority, Off-Plan and Real Property Professionals Regulations 2024, Published 1 October 2024. Amendment No. 1 of 2025 exists.. s 4(1)(d), s 4(2). Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Off-Plan and Real Property Professionals Regulations 2024
39DIFC Authority, DIFC Operating Regulations, Consolidated Version No. 4. Reg 6.1.2(b). Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: DIFC Operating Regulations, Consolidated Version No. 4
40The National, Dubai scraps bank guarantees required to set up tourism companies, Published 8 January 2019. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Dubai scraps bank guarantees required to set up tourism companies
41Supreme Legislation Committee, Dubai Legal Portal, Dubai Law No. 14 of 2025 on engineering consultancy activities (Arabic text). Art 25, Art 26. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Dubai Law No. 14 of 2025 on engineering consultancy activities (Arabic text)
42Supreme Legislation Committee, Dubai Legal Portal, Dubai Law No. 12 of 2016 Regulating the Security Industry. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Dubai Law No. 12 of 2016 Regulating the Security Industry
43UAE Federal Government, Federal Decree-Law No. 25 of 2025, Civil Transactions Law. Art 822, Art 823. Effective 1 Jun 2026. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Federal Decree-Law No. 25 of 2025, Civil Transactions Law
44Supreme Legislation Committee, Dubai Legal Portal, Executive Council Resolution No. (37) of 2015 Regulating the Real Property Valuation Profession in the Emirate of Dubai. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Executive Council Resolution No. (37) of 2015 Regulating the Real Property Valuation Profession in the Emirate of Dubai
45Supreme Legislation Committee, Dubai Legal Portal, Administrative Resolution No. (67) of 2020 Determining the Requirements and Procedures Governing the Real Property Valuation Profession in the Emirate of Dubai. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Administrative Resolution No. (67) of 2020 Determining the Requirements and Procedures Governing the Real Property Valuation Profession in the Emirate of Dubai
46Supreme Legislation Committee, Dubai Legal Portal, Executive Council Resolution No. (47) of 2017 Regulating the Activities of Transportation by, and Rental of, Vehicles in the Emirate of Dubai. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Executive Council Resolution No. (47) of 2017 Regulating the Activities of Transportation by, and Rental of, Vehicles in the Emirate of Dubai
47Supreme Legislation Committee, Dubai Legal Portal, Executive Council Resolution No. (2) of 2022 Amending Executive Council Resolution No. (47) of 2017. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Executive Council Resolution No. (2) of 2022 Amending Executive Council Resolution No. (47) of 2017
48Supreme Legislation Committee, Dubai Legal Portal, Executive Council Resolution No. (13) of 2022 Regulating the Use of Cycles in the Emirate of Dubai. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Executive Council Resolution No. (13) of 2022 Regulating the Use of Cycles in the Emirate of Dubai
49Supreme Legislation Committee, Dubai Legal Portal, Administrative Resolution No. (654) of 2022 Issuing the Implementing Bylaw of Executive Council Resolution No. (13) of 2022. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Administrative Resolution No. (654) of 2022 Issuing the Implementing Bylaw of Executive Council Resolution No. (13) of 2022
50Supreme Legislation Committee, Dubai Legal Portal, Administrative Resolution No. (381) of 2017 Issuing the Implementing Bylaw of Executive Council Resolution No. (5) of 2016 Regulating Car Parks in the Emirate of Dubai. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Administrative Resolution No. (381) of 2017 Issuing the Implementing Bylaw of Executive Council Resolution No. (5) of 2016 Regulating Car Parks in the Emirate of Dubai
51Supreme Legislation Committee, Dubai Legal Portal, Executive Council Resolution No. (46) of 2025 Amending Executive Council Resolution No. (5) of 2016 Regulating Car Parks in the Emirate of Dubai. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Executive Council Resolution No. (46) of 2025 Amending Executive Council Resolution No. (5) of 2016 Regulating Car Parks in the Emirate of Dubai
52Supreme Legislation Committee, Dubai Legal Portal, Executive Council Resolution No. (49) of 2024 Regulating the Practice of Health Professions and Health Activities in the Emirate of Dubai. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Executive Council Resolution No. (49) of 2024 Regulating the Practice of Health Professions and Health Activities in the Emirate of Dubai
53FAOLEX, Ministerial Resolution No. 62 of 2025 on veterinary licensing (copy). Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Ministerial Resolution No. 62 of 2025 on veterinary licensing (copy)
54Abu Dhabi Customs, Unified guide for customs procedures at first point of entry, 2025. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Unified guide for customs procedures at first point of entry, 2025
55Norton Rose Fulbright, New UAE laws mandating professional indemnity insurance cover for notaries, experts and translators. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: New UAE laws mandating professional indemnity insurance cover for notaries, experts and translators
56UAE Federal Government, Cabinet Resolution No. 10 of 2025. Art 8(3). Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Cabinet Resolution No. 10 of 2025
57Kayrouz and Associates, What professional indemnity insurance do UAE regulated firms need?. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: What professional indemnity insurance do UAE regulated firms need?
58Knowledge and Human Development Authority, Under Hamdan bin Mohammed's directives, Dubai freezes private school fees for 2026-27 academic year, News item of 22 May 2026. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Under Hamdan bin Mohammed's directives, Dubai freezes private school fees for 2026-27 academic year
59Central Bank of the UAE, Register of insurance entities, October 2023. Last checked 12 Nov 2026. Source document: Register of insurance entities, October 2023
60Central Bank of the UAE Rulebook, Federal Decree-Law No. 6 of 2025 Regarding the Central Bank, Regulation of Financial Institutions and Activities and Insurance Business. Art 82. Effective 16 Sept 2025. Last checked 4 Nov 2026. Source document: Federal Decree-Law No. 6 of 2025 Regarding the Central Bank, Regulation of Financial Institutions and Activities and Insurance Business
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